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Vainu Bappu
Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (August 10, 1927 – August 19, 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the International Astronomical Union. Bappu helped establish several astronomical institutions in India——including the Vainu Bappu Observatory named after him—and also contributed to the establishment of the modern Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1957, he discovered the Wilson-Bappu effect jointly with American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson.
He is regarded as the father of modern Indian astronomy.
==Early life==
Vainu Bappu was born in an Thiyya family on August 10, 1927, in Chennai, as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi and Sunanna Bappu.〔 His family originally hails from Thalassery in Kerala. His father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in Andhra Pradesh.〔 He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy for his PhD after obtaining postgraduate degree from the Madras University.〔 Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet.〔(''Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur'' ), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.〕 He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1949.〔Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", ''Resonance'', 7 (8), Springer India.〕
In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson and Bappu had described what would later be known as the Wilson-Bappu effect.〔 The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'〔Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', 77 (457): 253.〕 The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.〔
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